One of the most significant developments in the area of reproductive health in Ireland is theRoche v. Roche[2009] case. The case concerned a woman who wished to implant cryopreserved embryos made with a former partner, against the partner’s wishes. Of particular interest are questions about the status of the embryo: in Ireland the life of “the unborn” is constitutionally protected. Therefore the courts inRochehad to decide whether embryos were “unborn” within the meaning of the Irish Constitution.

Since 2020, physician associations have become more vocal about confronting racism, initiating a wide range of advocacy efforts, making programming changes, and issuing public statements on the topic. However, associations have directed their enthusiasm about addressing racism toward an overly broad range of statements, initiatives, and legislative advocacy. In this essay, we provide some guidance regarding which race‐based actions are best suited for physicians’ professional associations. We describe traits of three types of physician associations in the United States—state, specialty, and (...) affinity—highlighting characteristics of each and discussing their strengths and weaknesses regarding different types of action around racism. It is our hope that we might direct concerned physicians toward initiatives that draw upon association strengths and that can serve as the basis for association‐specific advocacy niches—and away from initiatives that enable associations to signal that they are engaged in racial‐equity work without accountability or efficacy. (shrink)

The cornea was the first human solid tissue to be transplanted successfully, and is now a common procedure in ophthalmic surgery. The grafts come from deceased donors. Corneal therapies are now being developed that rely on tissue from living-related donors. This presents new ethical challenges for ophthalmic surgeons, who have hitherto been somewhat insulated from debates in transplantation and donation ethics. This paper provides the first overview of the ethical considerations generated by ocular tissue donation from living donors and suggests (...) how these might be addressed in practice. These are discussed in the context of a novel treatment for corneal limbal stem cell deficiency. This involves limbal cell grafts which are transplanted, either directly or after ex vivo expansion, onto recipient stem cell-deficient eyes. Where only one eye is diseased, the unaffected eye can be used as a source of graft tissue. Bilateral disease requires an allogenic donation, preferably from a genetically related living donor. While numerous papers have dealt with the theory, surgical approaches and clinical outcomes of limbal stem cell therapies, none has addressed the ethical dimensions of this form of tissue donation. (shrink)

Hier geht es um eine Auseinandersetzung mit Nicolai Hartmann unter dem Aspekt der Nächsten- und der Fernstenliebe. Der Autor kritisiert Hartmanns Auffassung der Nächstenliebe (für Hartmann Jenseits-Eudämo- nismus) und Fernstenliebe (für Hartmann Idealbild) und plädiert für eine Erweiterung des christlichen Begriffs des Nächsten und der Nächstenliebe, die vor allem die Zukunftsperspektive mit einschliesst und den Begriff «Fernstenliebe» überflüssig macht.

Previous research has established that the success of strikes, and social movements more broadly, depends on their ability to garner support from the public. However, there is scant published research investigating the response of the public to strike action by healthcare workers. In this study, we address this gap through a study of public responses to UK nursing strikes in 2022–2023, using a data set drawn from Twitter of more than 2300 publicly available tweets. We focus on negative tweets, investigating (...) which societal discourses social media users draw on to oppose strike action by nurses. Using a combination of corpus‐based approaches and discourse analysis, we identified five categories of opposition: (i) discourse discrediting nurses; (ii) discourse discrediting strikes by nurses; (iii) discourse on the National Health System; (iv) discourse about the fairness of strikers' demands and (v) discourse about potential harmful impact. Our findings show how social media users operationalise wider societal discourses about the nursing profession (e.g., associations with care, gender, vocation and sacrifice) as well as recent crises such as the Covid‐19 pandemic to justify their opposition. The results also provide valuable insights into misconceptions about nursing, strike action and patient harm, which can inform strategies for public communication. (shrink)

Concept of Triratna or triple gem in Buddhism.

이 논문은 韓末 성리학의 전통을 충실히 실천한 畿湖 계열인 毅堂學波의 한 면모를 살피기 위해 근대 충북지역에서 활약한 明窩 鄭糺海(1890-1970)의 생애와 학문관을 살핀 논문이다. 의당학파는 의당 박세화와 그의 문인들을 지칭하는 바, 박세화를 비롯하여 晦堂 尹膺善, 直堂 申鉉國, 陽庵 柳芝赫, 明窩 鄭糺海 등이 있다. 의당학파는 華西學派, 艮齋學派, 淵齋學派, 艮齋學派, 蘆沙學派와 아울러 한말 기호학파를 대변하고 있었다. 이번에 소개한 인물인 정규해는 일제강점기 제천에서 의병 활동을 한 毅堂 朴世和의 문인으로 毅堂學派의 대표적 인물 중 한명으로 강인하고 높은 인품의 소유자며 근대 지성인의 면모를 소유한 인물로 그동안 학계에 (...) 소개되지 않았고 저서인 『明窩集』 역시 본고를 통해 처음 학계에 보고되었다. 의당학파는 理氣는 서로 분리할 수 없고(不相離), 서로 혼동할 수 없다(不相雜)는 원칙과 理와 氣는 두 가지면서 하나이고(二物而一體), 하나이면서 두 가지(一體而二物)이라는 학설을 주장하였다. 이 학설은 당시 화서학파와 간재학파의 치열한 학술 논쟁에 대해 절충적이면서도 독특한 면모를 보여 주고 있다. 정규해는 의당학파의 主敬과 祛私․求仁 등과 二物而一體와 一體而二物의 성리설을 충실히 계승한 인물이다. 그리고 그는 程子의 作文害道 주장을 근거로 문학은 반드시 道가 함양되어야하고 道가 없는 문학은 올바른 문학의 길로 갈 수 없으면 순정한 문학은 道와 文이 일치된 문학임을 주장하였다. 이런 주장은 이전 성리학자들의 소유한 道文一致․道本文末을 계승하였음을 보여주고 있다. (shrink)

This article investigates the views of Song Siyeol 宋時烈 (1607–1689), a Confucian scholar-official in Joseon Korea, on marriage ritual, with a special focus on the issue of women’s remarriage. Song opposed the legal ban on women’s remarriage that was enforced in his age, despite the danger this invited of being accused of promoting licentious deeds as well as generating suspicion about his loyalty as a subject. He clearly understood women’s remarriage as an ethical and not a legal issue. The ethical (...) principle of his conception of spousal loyalty, or ui 義, however, reveals its gendered aspect through his discussion with a fellow Confucian scholar. Moreover, his private behavior exemplifies the gendered aspects of his view on spousal fidelity. In addition, the unequal application of ui was supported by beliefs about the asymmetrical relation between Heaven and Earth, that were widely held and deployed by Confucians of Joseon Korea. (shrink)